Gastroscopy — also called upper gastrointestinal endoscopy — is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera at the tip is passed through the mouth into the oesophagus, stomach, and the first section of the small intestine (duodenum). This direct visual examination is the most accurate method available for diagnosing many digestive conditions — superior to ultrasound or X-ray because the doctor can see the lining of the digestive tract in real time, take tissue samples for biopsy, and in some cases carry out treatment during the same procedure.
When Is Gastroscopy Recommended?
A doctor will typically recommend gastroscopy if you experience:
- Persistent or recurrent upper abdominal pain: Unexplained discomfort in the area just below the breastbone.
- Acid reflux or heartburn that does not respond adequately to medication.
- Prolonged nausea or vomiting without a clear cause.
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing: This may suggest a problem in the oesophagus.
- Vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools: These are signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding — gastroscopy is performed urgently in this situation.
- Unexplained weight loss accompanied by digestive symptoms.
- Monitoring and surveillance: Patients with a history of peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection, or those who have completed treatment and need follow-up.
How to Prepare for Gastroscopy
Proper preparation ensures accurate results and a smoother experience:
Fasting:
- Do not eat anything for at least 6 to 8 hours before the procedure (typically fasting from the evening before a morning appointment).
- Do not drink milk, fruit juice, or any coloured liquids.
- Plain water in small amounts is usually permitted until two hours before the procedure — confirm with your clinic.
Medications:
- Tell your doctor about all medications you are taking, especially blood thinners, aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diabetes medication, and blood pressure tablets.
- Some medications may need to be paused before the procedure — follow your doctor’s specific instructions.
On the day:
- Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing and remove jewellery.
- Bring a companion, particularly if you are opting for sedation — you will not be able to drive yourself home.
- Remove dentures if applicable.
What Happens During the Procedure?
- The doctor sprays a local anaesthetic onto the back of your throat to reduce the gag reflex.
- You lie on your left side and bite down on a protective mouthguard to protect your teeth and guide the scope.
- The endoscope is gently passed through your mouth, down the oesophagus, and into the stomach.
- A small amount of air is pumped in to open the stomach and improve visibility — you may feel a sense of fullness or pass wind.
- The procedure typically takes 10 to 20 minutes. Additional time is needed if biopsies are taken or therapeutic procedures are performed.
- After the procedure, you rest in a recovery area for 30 to 60 minutes (longer if sedation was used).
Recovery and Aftercare
- Mild throat soreness or discomfort may persist for one to two days — this is normal.
- Bloating and wind from the air used during the procedure usually resolve within a few hours.
- You can eat and drink once the local anaesthetic in your throat wears off — typically one to two hours after the procedure.
- If biopsies were taken, avoid aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications for a few days as directed.
Gastroscopy is a safe and almost pain-free procedure when correctly prepared for. At Ky Hoa Medical Center, our endoscopy suite is equipped with the latest generation of scopes and staffed by experienced specialists dedicated to making the procedure as comfortable and efficient as possible. Book your appointment today for an accurate diagnosis and timely care.